Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Yeon Hee Choi

33 Articles

Factors Affecting Emotional Â· Behavioral Problems in Early Adolescence: A Multilevel Model Study: Hee Young Park, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(4):482-493. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.482

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the individual and environmental factors related to emotional/behavioral problems to early adolescence in Korea by applying multilevel modeling.
METHODS
From the database of the 2014 Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), the researchers selected 1,977 adolescents who are in the second year of middle school. Multilevel model analysis was performed to estimate the impact of relevant factors at the individual and environmental levels.
RESULTS
At the individual level, the significant factors associated with emotional/behavioral problems included BMI and study tendency in boys, and drinking, study tendency and economic levels in girls. At the environmental level, the significant factor associated with emotional/behavioral problems included relationship with the teacher.
CONCLUSION
The emotional/behavioral problems of early adolescence are influenced not only by the individual factors but also by the environment factor. Therefore, the environment surrounding the adolescents should also be considered to prevent emotional/behavioral problems.

The Effectiveness of a Forest-experience-integration Intervention for Community Dwelling Cancer Patients' Depression and Resilience: Yeon Hee Choi, Young Sun Ha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2014;25(2):109-118. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.2.109

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PURPOSE
This study examined the effectiveness of a forest-experience-integration intervention in community dwelling cancer patients.
METHODS
The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the present study were 53 community dwelling cancer patients who were registered in a community health center in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=26) who participated in the forest-experience-integration intervention and a control group (n=27) who did not participate. Data were collected from May to June in 2011. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 19.0 through chi2 test, and independent t-test.
RESULTS
There were significant differences between the groups in depression (t=-4.51, p<.001), self-regulation resilience (t=6.95, p<.001), interpersonal resilience (t=10.10, p<.001), positivity resilience (t=9.67, p<.001), and total resilience (t=13.93, p<.001) measurements.
CONCLUSION
The forest-experience-integration intervention delivered to community dwelling cancer patients was an effective method for relieving depression and enhancing self-regulation resilience, interpersonal resilience, positivity resilience, and total resilience, and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for community dwelling cancer patients.

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Effects of an urban forest healing program on cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors
Kwang-Hi Park, Haneul Lee, Eun Young Park, Ji Hyun Sung, Min Kyung Song, Miyoung An, Esther Bang, Sang Yi Baek, Yerim Do, Sieun Lee, Youngeun Lim
Supportive Care in Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Perceptions, Preferences, and Participation Intention of Urban Forest Healing Program among Cancer Survivors
Eun Young Park, Min Kyung Song, Sang Yi Baek
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1604. CrossRef
A present from the forest: Focus group interviews on cancer survivors’ forest experiences
Eun Young Park, Mi Young An, Ji Hyun Sung
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(8): 100105. CrossRef
Forest therapy can prevent and treat depression: Evidence from meta-analyses
Claudio D. Rosa, Lincoln R. Larson, Silvia Collado, Christiana C. Profice
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening.2021; 57: 126943. CrossRef
Effect of Forest Therapy on Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Poung-Sik Yeon, Jin-Young Jeon, Myeong-Seo Jung, Gyeong-Min Min, Ga-Yeon Kim, Kyung-Mi Han, Min-Ja Shin, Seong-Hee Jo, Jin-Gun Kim, Won-Sop Shin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12685. CrossRef
Resilience in Koreans With Cancer
Shin-Young Lee, Haeok Lee, Jacqueline Fawcett, Jeong-Hwan Park
Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2019; 21(5): 358. CrossRef
Effects of Forest Therapy on Depressive Symptoms among Adults: A Systematic Review
Insook Lee, Heeseung Choi, Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, MinKyung Song, Buhyun Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(3): 321. CrossRef
The Effects of Integrated Intervention Program for Community Dwelling Cancer Patients' Quality of Life, Depression and Self Care Agency
Young Sil Kang, In Soo Kwon, Eunyoung Hong
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 445. CrossRef

The Effects of an Exercise Program using a Resident Volunteer as a Lay Health Leader for Elders' Physical Fitness, Cognitive Function, Depression, and Quality of Life: Yeon Hee Choi, Na Young Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(3):346-357. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.3.346

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine an exercise program using a lay health leader for elderly participants. The test covered physical fitness (grip strength, static balance and complex movement abilities), depression, cognitive function and quality of life.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre-post design was employed. The participants were 62 elders from an institution for the aged, of whom 30 were included in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. The exercise program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was run three times a week for 12 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by chi2 test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA with SPSS/WIN 19.0.
RESULTS
After the program, left grip strength (F=1.77, p<.001), right grip strength (F=9.97, p<.001), static balance (F=2.79, p<.001), ability to move complex (F=1.76, p<.001), depression (F=7.66, p<.001), the cognitive function (F=8.39, p<.001) and quality of life (F=1.08, p<.001) in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Study findings indicated that using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was effective. It can be recommended as a public health resource and for consistent and comfortable education for the elderly in communities.

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Development and effectiveness of a cognitive enhancement program based on a mobile application for preventing dementia: a study focusing on older adults who use senior citizen centers
Mi-Ra Jung, Eun Jeong, Chang-Gyeong Lee
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 113. CrossRef
Effects of Cognicise-Neurofeedback on Health Locus of Control, Depression, and Quantitative Electroencephalography Alpha Asymmetry in Elderly Women
Heewook Weon, Jieun Yoo, Jumhwa Yu, Miso Park, Haekyoung Son
Brain Sciences.2021; 11(7): 899. CrossRef
The effects of a client-centered leisure activity program on satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in elderly residents of a long-term care facility
Ji-Yoon Jung, So-Yeon Park, Jin-Kyung Kim
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2018; 30(1): 73. CrossRef
Effects of a Health Promotion Empowerment Program Using a Resident Volunteer as a Lay Health Leader on Frail Elders' Health and Empowerment
Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 335. CrossRef
The Effects of Floor-seated Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Depression, and Sleep in Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Min-Jung Choi, Kyeong-Yae Sohng
International Journal of Gerontology.2018; 12(2): 116. CrossRef
Relationship among Physical Activity, Social Capital and Quality of Life in Elderly Participating in Physical Activity
Sung-Jee Yang
The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2018; 57(1): 23. CrossRef
Effect of Net-Step Exercise on Gait Ability, Depression, Cognitive Function and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults
Eun Ja Lee, Jae Boone Yoo
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(2): 108. CrossRef
Experiences of Participation in Dementia Prevention Program for Older Adults in Nursing Homes
Sun Ok Lim, Hyun Mi Jo
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(2): 128. CrossRef
A Content Analysis of the Experience of Participation in Community Leisure Programs among Older Adults
Insuk Rho, Sunhee Cho
Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 138. CrossRef
The Effects of Home Visit Healthcare Using a Complex Program on Community-dwelling Frail Elders' Strength, Frailty, and Depression
Hee Gerl Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(4): 405. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Hand Grip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Moderating Effect of Regular Exercise
Sungeun Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(1): 29. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Highly Educated Elders' Diabetic Health Leader Attitude
Kiwol Sung, Jiran Nam, Mijin Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(2): 119. CrossRef
Effect of Staged Education Program for Hypertension, Diabetes Patients in a Community (Assessment of Quality of Life Using EQ-5D)
Jung Jeung Lee, Hye Jin Lee, Eun Jin Park
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2014; 39(1): 37. CrossRef

Effects of Art Therapy on Cognition, Depression, and Quality of Life in Elderly: Yeon Hee Choi, En Young Jeon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(3):323-331. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.3.323

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The study attempted to examine whether the group art therapy using a collage medium and reminiscence therapy prevented or reversed dementia, prevented depression, and improved the quality of life of elderly women at high risk for dementia in community public health centers.
METHODS
As a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group, this study used a pre-post design. The subjects consisted of a random sample of women over 65 years of age who had been registered as being at high-risk for dementia at the Public Health Center of the G City, and the Dementia Support Center. Of these elders, 30 were assigned to the experimental group and 33 to the control group. The intervention was conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. chi2-test, t-test, Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
After the program, cognitive function, depression, and quality of life were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The group art therapy can be utilized in community-based nursing practices by identifying and registering those who are at high risk for dementia. The results should prove useful when designing future intervention strategies targeting elderly individuals residing in communities.

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Examining arts and creativity in later life and its impact on older people’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review of the evidence
Laura McQuade, Roger O’Sullivan
Perspectives in Public Health.2023; : 175791392311575. CrossRef
The Effect of the Art Therapy Interventions on Depression Symptoms Among Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Erfan Ayubi, Masoud Rafiee, Mozhdeh Bashirian
Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology.2023; 36(3): 185. CrossRef
Effekte von Kunsttherapie bei geriatrischen Patient:innen
Johanna Masuch, Sibylle Brons, Basel Habboub, Leonie Antwerpen, Alberto del Palacio Lorenzo, Markus Gosch, Katrin Singler
Die Psychotherapie.2023; 68(4): 271. CrossRef
Reminiscence Therapy in the Treatment of Depression in the Elderly: Current Perspectives
Arshia Khan, Alex Bleth, Marat Bakpayev, Nabiha Imtiaz
Journal of Ageing and Longevity.2022; 2(1): 34. CrossRef
The impacts of visual Art Therapy for elderly with Neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review
Leonardo Brynne Ramos de Souza, Yasmin Cabral Gomes, Márcia Goretti Guimarães de Moraes
Dementia & Neuropsychologia.2022; 16(1): 8. CrossRef
Effects of a multimodal approach to food art therapy on people with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia
Hyojin Lee, Eunjoo Kim, Ju Young Yoon
Psychogeriatrics.2022; 22(3): 360. CrossRef
Expressive arts therapy for subjective happiness and loneliness feelings in institutionalized elderly women: A pilot study
Komal Mishra, Nishi Misra, Nandita Chaube
Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy.2021; 12(1): 38. CrossRef
Stellenwert der psychotherapeutisch mitgeprägten Behandlungsverfahren in der Gerontopsychiatrie und -psychotherapie
Vjera Holthoff-Detto, Kathrin Seifert
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie.2021; 54(8): 747. CrossRef
“Art, Colors, and Emotions” Treatment (ACE-t): A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of an Art-Based Intervention for People With Alzheimer’s Disease
Federica Savazzi, Sara Isernia, Elisabetta Farina, Raffaella Fioravanti, Alessandra D’Amico, Francesca Lea Saibene, Marco Rabuffetti, Gabriella Gilli, Margherita Alberoni, Raffaello Nemni, Francesca Baglio
Frontiers in Psychology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Reminiscence therapy in geriatric mental health care: A clinical review
Pragya Lodha, Avinash De Sousa
Journal of Geriatric Mental Health.2019; 6(1): 7. CrossRef
Development of the Positive Photo Appreciation for Dementia program for people with mild cognitive impairment and early‐stage Alzheimer's disease: A feasibility study
Masumi Ishihara, Tami Saito, Takashi Sakurai, Aiko Osawa, Ikue Ueda, Masaki Kamiya, Hidenori Arai
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2019; 19(10): 1064. CrossRef
Creative Arts Interventions to Address Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Outcomes, Processes, and Mechanisms
Kim Dunphy, Felicity A. Baker, Ella Dumaresq, Katrina Carroll-Haskins, Jasmin Eickholt, Maya Ercole, Girija Kaimal, Kirsten Meyer, Nisha Sajnani, Opher Y. Shamir, Thomas Wosch
Frontiers in Psychology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effects of a Positive Psychology Improvement Program on Elders' Depression and Death Anxiety
Seung Joo Lim, Hung Sa Lee, Chunmi Kim, Young Go
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(3): 238. CrossRef

Influence of Parents' Rearing Attitudes Perceived by Bullied Children on Bullying: Ego-Resilience Mediation: Yeon Hee Choi, Na Young Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(2):214-224. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.214

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine effects of parents' rearing attitudes perceived by bullied children. The focus in this study was on mediating effects of ego-resilience.
METHODS
Data were collected from 202 bullied elementary school students in grade years 5 and 6. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and structural analysis with the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program and Amos 19.0.
RESULTS
First, significant positive relations between parents' rearing attitudes and ego-resilience, significant negative relations between ego-resilience and bullying, and between parents' rearing attitude and bullying were found. Second, the effects of ego-resilience as a mediator between perceived parents' rearing attitudes and bullying were significant statistically.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that educational programs for parents are needed to improve parents' perception of the importance of their rearing attitudes toward bullying and nursing intervention programs for bullied children should be developed to increase their ego-resilience.

Effectiveness of School-based Smoking Prevention Program on Ecological Model in Adolescents: Yeon Hee Choi, Young Sun Ha, Min Ah Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012;23(3):327-337. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.0000/jkachn.2012.23.3.327

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study examined the effectiveness of an adolescent school-based smoking prevention program.
METHODS
The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the present study were 399 non-smoking high school students in Kyongbuk province. The subjects were divided into 184 experimental group members in G city who participated in a school-based smoking prevention program and 216 control group members in K city who did not participate. Data were collected from June to November 2011. collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 through chi2-test, independent t-test and ANCOVA.
RESULTS
The experimental group had significantly increased knowledge of smoking, knowledge of smoking prevention program, attitude of smoking, skill of smoking prevention in comparison to the control group.
CONCLUSION
The school-based smoking prevention program delivered to non-smoking adolescents is an effective method of encouraging smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for non-smoking adolescents.

Factors Affecting Depression in Elderly Vulnerable People Living Alone: Hyun Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(4):355-364. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.4.355

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influenced depression of the elderly vulnerable people living alone in the public home visiting health service center.
METHODS
The participants for this study were 491 Korean elderly men living in G city. Data were collected from February to July, 2011 using structured questionnaires. chi2-test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN program were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The levels of ADL and IADL of the elderly living alone were higher, and the levels of social support and life satisfaction were lower than the normal elderly. Depression was positively related to ADL and IADL and negatively to social support and life satisfaction in the elderly living alone. In addition, age, fall experience, ADL, IADL and life satisfaction had influence on the depression.
CONCLUSION
The elderly living alone are in a more serious health status, especially in depression than the normal elderly. It is necessary to develop depression controlling intervention programs in order to promote healthy lifestyles for the elderly vulnerable people living alone.

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The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Among Older Adults From Different Communities in Chengmai County, China: Cross-sectional Study
Zhimin Xu, Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi, Lixian Cui, Fang Zeng, Xiaohai Zhou, Zhongtang Yue, Hanbei Chen
JMIR Formative Research.2022; 6(5): e37046. CrossRef
The elderly living in single-person households in South Korea: a latent profile analysis of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression
Jeong Hoon Park, Sung Min, Yookyung Eoh, Soo Hyun Park
Quality of Life Research.2021; 30(4): 1083. CrossRef
Impact of Social Integration and Living Arrangements on Korean Older Adults’ Depression
Youjung Lee, Kyeonghee Jang, Naorah C. Lockhart
The International Journal of Aging and Human Development.2018; 86(3): 306. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea
Jae Soon Yoo, Sun Ju Chang, Hyun Sook Kim
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice.2016; 30(3): 200. CrossRef
Study of Factors Influencing Depression among Elderly Women Living Alone in Rural Community Living Homes
Jung Shin Choi, Yoon Ji Choi
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2016; 27(S): 625. CrossRef
The Study for Improvement of Frailty and Depression in the Health Vulnerable Elderly of Home Visiting Health Care Service
Youngji Kim, Song-Nang Jang
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2016; 20(2): 85. CrossRef
Prediction of Quality of Life among the Elderly at Care Facilities for the Elderly according to Health States, Physical and Cognitive Functions, and Social Supports-Focused on D Metropolitan City
Jong-Im Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(7): 4656. CrossRef
The Factors Associated with Depression in the Elderly Male: Based on the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Doonam Oh, Chul-Gyu Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(5): 583. CrossRef
The Effects of perceived health status, sleep, depression and pain on quality of life by Gender in Community-dwelling Older Adults
Koung-Oh Chang, Su-Jin Park, Du-Yi Bae
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(3): 1566. CrossRef
Gender Difference in Factors Related to Depression in Vulnerable Elderly
Eun-Kyung Kim
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2014; 8(3): 169. CrossRef
Gender differences in the relationship between physical functioning and depressive symptoms in low‐income older adults living alone
Eun Ju Lim
Nursing & Health Sciences.2014; 16(3): 381. CrossRef
Fear of Falling and Related Factors in Elderly Living Alone Based on Fall Experience
Myungsuk Lee, Yunbok Lee
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(4): 243. CrossRef
The Relationship between Depression, Cognitive Function and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living of Elderly Women Living Alone
Eun Ju Lim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(4): 1849. CrossRef
Prevalence and Its Influencing Factors on Depression among Elderly Vulnerable People in Urban Community
Hye-Ryoung Kim
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2013; 7(3): 275. CrossRef
Effects of Health Characteristics on Depression of Elderly Beneficiaries of the National Basic Livelihood Scheme
Jungyi Hur, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Jae Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(2): 327. CrossRef

The Relationship between Leisure Activities and Smoking/Drinking of Middle School Students: Na Young Kim, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(2):131-140. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.2.131

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the correlation between leisure activities and smoking/drinking of middle school students.
METHODS
Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 298 middle school students from the 2nd to 30th of September, 2009. Collected data were analyzed statistically using frequency, 2 test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. The study used the Adolescent Leisure Time Activities Scale (ALTAS) developed by Yin et al. (1999) for types of leisure activities and the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) developed by Beard & Ragheb (1980).
RESULTS
First, smoking/drinking caused significant differences in 'Socialization with friends', and drinking also caused significant differences in 'Sport activities'. Second, leisure satisfaction was positively correlated with 'currently drinking' (r=.126, p<.05). Third, significant factors influencing leisure satisfaction were grades, school life satisfaction, subjective health status, average daily leisure time, participation in leisure health program, and current drinking. These variables explained 23.4% of leisure satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
School nurses should develop and run programs, which promote healthy ways for middle school students with wrong ways such as drinking to get leisure satisfaction. Also family, school and community should be cooperatively connected with one another.

The Sense of Mastery and Health-Promoting Behaviors in the Vulnerable Female Elderly of Urban Areas: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(3):335-342. Published online September 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the degree of the sense of mastery and health-promoting behaviors in the vulnerable female elderly of urban areas, and to determine factors influencing their health-promoting behaviors.
METHODS
The subjects were 253 vulnerable female elders aged over 60 in D City. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. Analysis of data was done with the SPSS/WIN program.
RESULTS
The mean score of the sense of control was 15.8. It was significantly different according to living arrangement, and subjective health status. The mean score of health-promoting behavior was 3.8. It was significantly different according to living arrangement and subjective health status. Health-promoting behavior was affected more highly in subjects with a low degree of sense of mastery than in those with a medium degree of sense of mastery.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the sense of mastery is an important variable for health-promoting behavior. These findings may give useful information for developing health-promoting programs focused on the sense of mastery in vulnerable female elderly adults.

Experience of Sexual Assault, Recognition of Sexual Assault and Attitude of Sexual Role in High School Students: Young Joo Cha, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(3):443-449. Published online September 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify relations among experience of sexual assaults, recognition of sexual assaults and sex role attitude in urban and rural high school students.
METHOD
The subjects were a 575 volunteer students sampled in Daegu City and Gyungbuk. Data were collected from March 19th to 31st, 2007 using structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The mean score of the rural students was significantly higher than that of the urban students in experience of sexual assaults. The mean score of the urban students was significantly higher than that of the rural students in sex role attitude. Gender, experience of sexual education and recognition of sexual assaults accounted for 29.8% of the variance of sex role attitude in the urban students.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to develop discriminative sexual education programs by regional group in order to prevent sexual assaults among adolescents.

Impulsivity and Self-efficacy according to Internet Addiction: Boo Deuk Suh, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):310-316. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine impulsivity and self-efficacy according to Internet addiction in adolescents.
METHOD
Subjects were middle and high school students in Daegu (N=486). Data were collected by a self-rating questionnaire including demographic data, a Korean version of Internet addiction, impulsivity and self-efficacy.
RESULT
Impulsivity and self-efficacy according to Internet addition were significantly different (F=22.909, p<.001). There were significant correlations between Internet addiction and impulsivity (r=.280, p<.01), between Internet addiction and self-efficacy(r=-.288, p<.01) and between impulsivity and self-efficacy (r=-.665, p<.01).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that the more addictive to the Internet the more impulsive and the less self-efficacious. Therefore, further studies are needed to generalize these results and examine the effects of Internet addiction more broadly.

Suicidal Ideation and Associated Factors of the Elderly in Urban Areas: Seo Hee Choi, Yeon Hee Choi, Hee Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(1):5-12. Published online March 31, 2008

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The study was to examine major factors that affect suicidal ideation of elderly in urban areas.
METHODS
The subjects were 302 elders who voluntarily participated in the study. The instruments for this study were scale for suicidal ideation(19 items), family concord (20 items), CED-depression(20 items) and family inventor of life events and changes(FILE, 22 items). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson' correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS program were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The average score of suicidal ideation was 14.88. Suicidal ideation was positively related to depression and stress, but negatively related to family concord. depression, family concord, stress and health status accounted for 86.1% of the variance in suicidal ideation. These results suggest that family concord, depression and stress can be potential risk factors for suicide of elderly.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings may give useful information for developing suicidal prevention program on old age.

Agricultural Accidents in Farm Workers: Hann Sook Kim, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(4):643-650. Published online December 31, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to obtain information regarding to agricultural accidents in farm workers in the Kyungpook area.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was carried out for 528 workers from the 1st to 31st of March, 2007. Frequency, percentage, mean and chi-square test with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The causes of agricultural accidents include falling(29.0%), overseeing(18.9%), traffic accident(17.4%), putting between machinery(11.7%), crashing(5.3%), fire(0.6%) in the order of frequency. Injuries from agricultural accidents include fracture(44.7%) cerebral bleeding(10.4%), amputation(7.0%), airway obstruction(2.3%), burn(1.9%), drug addiction(1.9%) in the order of frequency. The largest proportion of the subjects of hospital treatment were in their 50s and belonged to the group of high-level economic state. Agricultural machinery collision was the most frequent cause among the subjects of hospital treatment.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that carelessness can be a potential risk factor for agricultural accidents in farm workers. These findings may give useful information for developing agricultural accident prevention programs for farm workers.

Stress and Social Support According to Internet Addiction: Yeon Hee Choi, Boo Deuk Suh, Eun Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(3):452-459. Published online September 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine stress and social support according to Internet addiction in juveniles.
METHOD
Subjects were middle and high school students in Daegu (N=492). Data were collected using a self-rating questionnaire including demographic data, which was the Korean versions of an Internet addiction scale, a stress scale and a social support scale.
RESULTS
Stress and social support were significantly different according to Internet addition. Significant correlations were observed between Internet addiction and stress and between Internet addiction and social support.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that the more addictive to the Internet a student is, the more stress and the less social support he/she has. Therefore, further studies are needed to generalize these results and examine widely the effects of Internet addiction.

A Study on Depression, Sleep and Fatigue in Younger and Older Elders: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):223-231. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to compare differences in and correlation among depression, sleep and fatigue between younger and older elders.
METHOD
A total of 370 subjects aged between 65 and 88 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from March to December, 2005.
RESULTS
Younger elders showed lower levels of depression and fatigue than older ones. The level of sleep satisfaction was higher in older elders than in younger ones. In both groups, fatigue was positively correlated to depression, and depression and fatigue were negatively correlated to sleep satisfaction. In addition, fatigue was affected by depression, the number of persons in household and sleep satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
Older elders showed more serious health problems than younger ones. It is necessary to develop comprehensive intervention programs in order to promote healthy lifestyle for older elders.

A Study on Job Stress adn Job Satisfaction of 119 Relief Squads: Sung Hee Lee, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(4):521-529. Published online December 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Relations among Health-promoting Behaviors, Self-esteem and Depression in the Vulnerable Elderly of Urban Areas: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(2):148-156. Published online June 30, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the relations among health-promoting behaviors. self-esteem and depression in the vulnerable elderly in an urban community.
METHOD
The subjects were 185 vulnerable elderly adults aged over 65 in D city, who were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. The tools used in this study are the HPLP developed by Walker(1987), the Self-esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965), and the Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Yesavage & Brink(1983). Collected data were analyzed with the SAS program using descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULT
Self-esteem and depression was in a negative correlation with each other (r=-0.21), but no significant correlation was observed between HPB and depression. HPB and self-esteem were in a positive correlation with each other (r=0.38). The most powerful predictor of depression was self-esteem and, next, leisure activity and the type of family living together. The three factors accounted for 41.1% of the variance in depression in the vulnerable elderly.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that self-esteem, leisure activity, and the type of family living together can be potential risk factors for old age depression. These findings may give useful information for developing visiting nursing service programs focused on depression in the vulnerable elderly.

A Survey on Awareness of Health Education in the Manpower of Public Health Center: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(4):528-538. Published online December 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the level of awareness about health education in the manpower of public health center, in order to suggest a basis data for the development of a job-training program.
METHOD
The subjects were 96 manpowers of public health centers. Data were collected from August 2nd, 2002 to September 20th using a self reported questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentile and chi2 test.
RESULTS
The most necessary of health education according to health promotion service is 'quitting smoking' during the adolescent period. The most necessary of health education media according to health promotion service is 'reducing alcohol intake'. The most efficient media of health education is 'beam projector'. The most necessary capacity of health educator is 'planning capacity of health education'. The most necessary support implementing health education is 'manpower supply'.
CONCLUSION
The level of awareness of health education in the manpower of the public health center are expected to provide basic data for developing job-training programs that might improve advanced knowledge and techniques of health education.

High School Students' Knowledge and Attitude About Smoking according to Their Smoking Status: Kyung Shin Paek, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(2):277-288. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Study on the Correlations among the Depression, Social Support and Quality of Life of the Elderly in Rural Areas: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(2):237-245. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the relationships among the depression, social support and quality of life of the elderly in rural areas.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 199 people aged over 60 who had been living in three rural area. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from the 10th of July to the 10th of August 2003. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple stepwise regression with SPSS & SAS.
RESULT
The average depression score was 11.09. As for the score of social support by supporter, the score of spouse' support was 13.36 out of 18 points, children's support 13.27, friends' support 11.40, neighbors' support 10.21 and siblings' support 10.20. The average score of quality of life was 132.26 out of 220 points. As for the score of the sub-areas of quality of life, the score was highest in economic status(32.18) and lowest in neighbor relationship (16.42). The score of quality of life was negatively correlated with the score of depression (r=-.014) and positively with the score of social support (r=.338). The suitable regression from the results of the multiple regression analysis to investigate factors influencing quality of life was expressed by y=58.341-0.361chi1+ 1.492chi2 (chi1: social support, chi2: depression) and R2=.327.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that elderly people in rural areas with high quality of life is likely to be low in depression and high in social support. Therefore, it is necessary to develop health promotion programs in due consideration of depression and social support in order to enhance the quality of life of elderly people in rural areas.

The Comparative Study on Health-promoting Behavior, Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem between Korean Elderly and American-Korean Elderly: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(4):667-675. Published online December 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was purposed to provide basic data for developing future health promotion programs by comparing health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and self-esteem between the Korean elderly and the American-Korean elderly.
METHODS
The subjects were volunteer participants of 120 elders in the Gyeongsan City in Korea and 120 elders in the state of Washington in the U.S. Tools used in this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (47 items), Life Satisfaction Scale (20 items) and Self-Esteem Scale (10 items). To analyze data, this study used frequency, percentage, chi-square test, t-test, Kendal tau test, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS program.
RESULTS
1) The average score of health-promoting behaviors was 3.21 in Koreans and 3.50 in American-Koreans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 2) The sub-scales that got the highest score of health-promoting behaviors were self-actualization and nutrition (M=3.41) in Koreans and nutrition (M=3.61) in American-Koreans, and that with the lowest score was exercise in both groups (2.89 in Koreans and 3.02 in American-Koreans). 3) The average score for life satisfaction was 2.76 in Koreans and 3.06 in American-Koreans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 4) The average score for self-esteem was 3.39 in Koreans and 3.09 in American-Koreans, showing a insignificant difference between the two groups. 5) Health-promoting behaviors were positively related to life satisfaction and self-esteem. Life satisfaction was positively related to self-esteem in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, the health-promoting behaviors of Korean and American-Korean elders strongly correlated with life satisfaction and self-esteem. Therefore, health promoting programs that enhance life satisfaction and self-esteem should be developed in order to promote the elderly's healthy lifestyle.

The Effects of Hand Acupoint Massages on ADL Ability and Grip Strength of Stroke Patients: Yeon Hee Choi, Hyun Hee Kim, Eun Young Jeon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(3):424-431. Published online September 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hand acupoint massages on ADL ability and grip strength of stroke patients.
METHOD
This study was designed as a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group for pre and post-test. Twenty-eight patients were assigned to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. The hand acupoint massage was applied to both hands of the experimental group for sixteen minutes each time, a total of 15 times during five weeks. The patient's ADL ability and grip strength were measured before and after the program. The data were analyzed with mean, percent, chi-square, a paired t-test and t-test.
RESULT
The level of ADL ability was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Also, the level of grip strength was significantly higher in the experimental group of the plegic side than in the control group, but not in the normal side.
CONCLUSION
We have found that the hand acupoint massage helps the stroke patients improve their ADL ability and grip strength. Through this result, the hand acupoint massage could be considered as an effective application for rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after stroke.

A Study on Self-esteem, Depression, and Hope of Unemployed Homeless: Hyun Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(1):171-181. Published online March 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To provide the basic data for nursing intervention to improve the psychosocial adaptation of unemployed homeless by examining the degree of self-esteem, depression, and hope, and the relation of these variables.
METHOD
The subjects were a volunteer sample of 218 unemployed homeless residing at 2 shelters in Seoul and Suwon, Korea. The instruments for this study were Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Beck's depression inventory, and Miller and Powers's hope scale. Using the SPSS program, the data were analysed by frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
RESULT
1) The degree of self-esteem is, on average, 23.72 points, depression is 24.41 points, and hope is 124.72 points. 2) The degree of self-esteem in the general characteristics of the subjects showed a significant difference by age, marital status, and contact with family. 3) The degree of depression in the general characteristics of the subjects showed a significant difference by age, marital status, and contact with family. 4) The degree of hope in the general characteristics of the subjects showed a significant difference by contact with family. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between the variables of self-esteem and hope, while there was a significant negative correlation between the variables of self-esteem and depression, and hope and depression.
CONCLUSIONS
1) The study identifies psychological characteristics of the homeless. 2) It is required not only to develop nursing intervention programs to improve the degree of self-esteem and hope, and alleviate depression but also to testify the effect of the program. 3) It is needed to develop nursing intervention programs to prevent chronic homelessness.

The Correlational Study on Health-promoting Behavior, Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem of the Elderly: Yeon Hee Choi, Kyung Shin Paek; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(1):39-48. Published online March 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was done to describe the correlation among the elderly's health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and sel-festeem.
METHOD
The subjects were a volunteer sample of 200 elderly in Kyungsan city. The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47 items), Life Satisfaction Scale(20 items) and Self-Esteem Scale(10 items). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS program were used to analyze the data.
RESULT
1) The average item score for the health-promoting behavior was 3.23; the highest score on the subscale was self-actualization and nutrition(M=3.45) with the lowest being exercise(M=2.98). 2) The average item score for the life satisfaction was 2.98. 3) The average item score for the self-esteem was 3.41. 4) Health-promoting behavior was significantly different according to age, marital status, religion and participation in society circles. 5) Life satisfaction was significantly different according to marital status and participation in society circles. 6) Self-esteem was significantly different according to participation in society circles. 7) Health-promoting behavior was positively related to life satisfaction and self-esteem. Life satisfaction was positively related to self-esteem.
CONCLUSION
It follows from this study that there is a very strong correlation among the elderly's health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and self-esteem. Therefore health promoting programs that increase life satisfaction and self-esteem should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the elderly.

A Comparative Study on Health-Promoting Behavior, Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem of the Young and Old Old: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(2):428-436. Published online September 30, 2001

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To compare the differences of health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and self-esteem between the young old and the old old.
METHOD
The subjects were a volunteer sample of 200 elderly in K city. The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47 items). Life Satisfaction Scale(20 items) and Self-Esteem Scale(10 items). Frequency. percentage, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS program were used to analyze the data.
RESULT
1) There was a statistical significance(t=2.479. p<.05) in health-promoting behavior between the young old and the old old which showed, on an average, 3.306 points in the young old and 2.872 points in the old old. 2) There was a statistical significance(t=1.530. p<.05) in self-esteem between the young old and the old old which showed, on an average, 3.091 points in the young old and 2.981 points in the old old.
CONCLUSION
The old old is less the level of health-promoting behavior and self-esteem than the young old. It is necessary to develop comprehensive health-promoting program in order to improve a healthy lifestyle for the old old.

Factors Affecting the Frequency of Breast self-examination in Korean Immigrant Middle-aged Women in the U.S.: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(2):606-612. Published online December 31, 2000

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Study on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support in Urban and Rural Elderly: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(2):374-384. Published online December 31, 1998

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Abstract PDF: This study was designed to investigate and compare levels of Instrumental Activities in Daily Living(IADL), Self-efficacy and Social support, and their relationships among the aged who lived in urban and rural areas. The subjects consisted of 239 persons (urban=120, rural=119), aged 65 over. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires from July 20 to August 30, 1998, and analyzed by frequency, percentage, means, Pearson Correlation, t-test chi2-test and ANOVA, using an SAS program. The Results of this study were as follows. 1) The mean score of IADL was 2.06/5, the mean score of Self-efficacy was 49.61/100 and the mean score of Social support was 2.37/5. 2) Concerning house ownership, the group of urban elderly were significantly higher than rural elderly while in the handling of pocket money, the rural elderly were significantly higher than the urban elderly. 3) Concerning Self-efficacy, the group of urban elderly were significantly higher than rural elderly. 4) The IADL was significantly related to Self-efficacy and to Social support. 5) Concerning the demographic characteristics of the subjects, age, educational level, religion, living with a spouse, money and participation in social activities were significantly resated to the IADL scores, to Self-efficacy and to Social support.

Effects of the BSE Educational Program on BSE Practice: Based on the Individually Prescribed Instruction Model: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(1):200-212. Published online June 30, 1998

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Abstract PDF: Breast cancer ranks as one of the major health problems of adult women. Studies have shown that the BSE educational program based on the Individually Prescribed Instruction Model is effective in BSE practice. To motivate women in BSE practicing, a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The subjects of the study were 49 Women who participated in the educational program of BSE and were mothers of D middle school in D City. The instruments of study were a BSE frequency & proficiency recording chart and a BSE confidence scale developed by Elearnor. The data was collected from September 4 in 1997 to April 30 in 1998 and was analyzed with an SAS program. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Frequency scores in BSE practice in the posttest was significantly increased after the intervention as contrasted with that in the pretest(t=1.32, P<.01). 2) Proficiency scores in BSE practice in the posttest was significantly increased after the intervention as contrasted with that in the pretest (t=1. 69, P<.001). 3) Confidence scores in BSE practice in the posttest was significantly increased after the intervention as contrasted with that in the pretes(t=l1.48, P<.01). 4) The Pearson correlation coefficient between BSE frequency scores and confidence scores in BSE practice was significant (r=.72, P<.001). On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that the BSE educational program has improved BSE compliance.

The Characteristics of Unmarried Mother in some Shelters: Yeon Ok Ju, Sang Sun Kim, Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1997;8(2):337-346. Published online December 31, 1997

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Abstract PDF: To know the characteristics of the unmarried mother. We need to investigate what kind of circumstances the unmarried mother comes from and under which conditions created her situation. This investigation's purpose is to provide general information on how to prevent this situation. There are many unmarried mothers registered in support groups for single mothers in A City. We surveyed 67 single mothers registered from Nov. 1 '96 - April 30 '97. The questions of the survey asked for general characteristics, family background, friendship, attitude and knowledge toward sex and the relationship with the baby's father. We analysed this research data into a percentages.

A Study on Perceived Self-efficacy in Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1997;8(2):304-313. Published online December 31, 1997

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Abstract PDF: This study was designed to identify the degree of perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem in non - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The 278 Diabetic patients participating in this study were selected from a diabetic clinic. The period of data collection was September 2 to September 10, 1996. Collected data were analyzed by means of Frequency, Mean, SD, t - test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA using SPSS/PC+. The result are summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of perceived self-efficacy were 3.52 in total, 3.91 for medication, 3.40 for exercise, 3.60 for diet control, 3.18 for glucose test, 3.53 for general management. And the mean score of self-esteem were 3.51 2. Perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem had statistically significant positive correlations (r=.3125, p=.001). 3. The results of testing for the degree of perceived self -efficacy, according to the subject's demographic variables, showed that there were significant differences in sex (t=4.14, p<0.001), the level of education(t=6.24, p<0.01) and diabetic education(t=3.25, p<0.05). These results suggest that perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem is an important variable in the compliance of diabetic patients.

A Study of Variables related to Breast Self-examination Practice in Adult Women: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1997;8(1):89-101. Published online June 30, 1997

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Abstract PDF: Breast cancer ranks as one of the major health problems in adult women. The purpose of this study is to determine relationships among the practice of Breast Self-Examination(BSE) and the variables of cancer risk and other genernal factors. This knowledge may be helpful in designing a BSE educational program to promote breast self-examination on a regular basis. The study population included 205 women who live in K city. Personal interviews were conducted to determine the individual's breast self-examination behavior, the level of Breast Cancer Risk according to general factors as well as her reasons for not doing a breast self-examination. The collected data was analyzed with an SAS program The results were summarized as follows : 1. The level of Breast Cancer Risk of the subjects is as follows: high risk(9%), moderate risk(11%), boderline risk(12%), no increased risk (68%). 2. There was no difference in the practice of BSE between women who were at high cancer risk and at no increased cancer risk. 3. BSE practice levels according to general foctors were significantly related to the residence and the level of education of the subjects. The performing of regular breast self-examination in urban areas was 7% and in rural areas was 0%. Regularly practiced breast self-examination in women with a low education was 5% and in college educated women, it was 29%. 4. BSE education was significantly related to the residence and the level of education of the subjects. The majority learned BSE through 'a magazine or journal'. 5. The reason of the majority of women did not perform a regular breast self-examination was, "Didn't know the BSE technique". On the basis of this study it can be concluded that the development of a BSE education program is needed to help women perform the examination correctly.

The Effect of Information on the level of need fulfillment and anxiety of the emergency patient's family members: Sang Soon Kim, Yeon Hee Choi, Mi Han Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1996;7(2):333-348. Published online December 31, 1996

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nursing information on the level of need fulfillment and anxiety of the emergency patient's family members. The quasi-experimental study was designed using a noneqivalent control group non-synchronized design. During the first period, 30 subjects were assigned to the control group and 25 to the experimental group at a late period. The experimental group was provided with nursing information via guide booklet designed by the researcher. The control group received only routine care. Data was collected from January 31 to April 16 in 1996 at the K hospital in Taegu and analysed by chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation with SAS program. The instruments used for this study were the Family Needs Scale developed by Jung and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that the family members who received nursing information will have greater need fulfillment than family members who did not receive nursing information was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that the family members who received nursing information will have lower anxiety level than family members who did not receive nursing information was not supported. 3. The third hypothesis that the more the need of family member of emergency patient was met, the lower the anxiety level, was not supported. In conclusion, it was proved that nursing information about the emergency room provides family members with more need fulfillment, but did not decrease the anxiety level.

Effects of the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal on Breast Self-Examination Practice in Adult Women: Yeon Hee Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1996;7(2):281-293. Published online December 31, 1996

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Abstract PDF: Breast cancer ranks as one of the major health problems of adult women. Studies have shown that Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is effective in detecting breast cancer in its early stages. To motivate women BSE practicing, a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Women 40 years or older who participated in the public education program for BSE from March 11 to April 6, 1996, were randomized in an experimental group(N=50) which received a letter about the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal and in a control group(N=50) which didn't received a letter about the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal. After 6 months, a follow-up phone survey was taken on all participants to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. Collected data was analyzed by one, two, and three-way ANOVA with an SAS program. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The level of the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal of the subjects is high risk(17%), moderate risk(12%), boderline risk(14%), no increased risk (57%). 2. The intervention was effective in increasing the practice scores of BSE for women(F=5.12, P<.05). 3. BSE practice scores according to breast cancer risk appraisal level of the experimental group was not significantly increased after the intervention as contrasted with the control group (F=2.33, P>.05). 4. BSE practice scores according to educational level of the experimental group was significantly increased after the intervention, as contrasted with that of the control group (F=10.09, P<.001). On the basis of this study it can be concluded that the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal increases practice of BSE.

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